A distinctive feature of autogenous vaccines is that each vaccine batch is unique. In addition, autogenous vaccines are exempt from marketing authorisation requirements (in Europe). This means that no specific safety and efficacy tests are performed for each individual batch.
The tolerability of autogenous vaccines is influenced by a wide range of factors. The antigens (pathogens) used may be responsible for any adverse reaction. As these antigens can be adjusted by the veterinarian for each batch, tolerability may vary from batch to batch. Changes to the adjuvant may also influence the response following vaccination. Furthermore, individual animals or groups of animals with different genetic backgrounds may respond differently to vaccination. Intolerance reactions may include an acute allergic reaction, systemic signs (such as pyrexia, lethargy, and an increased respiratory and/or heart rate), local reactions (such as swelling and redness), or effects on performance parameters (for example, milk production).
It is the responsibility of the attending veterinarian to exercise particular care when using autogenous vaccines. To address the uncertainty regarding tolerability, a test vial is supplied with each batch. It is recommended that this be used to carry out a trial vaccination in 2 to 5 animals for each new batch. Following administration, these animals should be monitored and observed over the subsequent days. Group vaccination may be performed following a final clinical examination of the animals vaccinated in advance and after the veterinarian has carefully weighed the associated risks and benefits.
Patricia van Ginderen
Technical Support Veterinarian Swine
